Xanax is a brand name for the medication alprazolam, which belongs to the benzodiazepine class of drugs. Xanax is commonly prescribed to treat anxiety disorders and panic disorders. It works by enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter in the brain that has inhibitory effects on neural activity. The primary mechanism of action of Xanax involves binding to specific receptors in the brain known as GABA-A receptors. By increasing GABA's activity, Xanax produces a calming effect on the central nervous system, helping to reduce excessive brain activity and alleviate symptoms of anxiety or panic.